Walking Dead Syndrome

THE WALKING DEAD SYNDROME English cl Instructor S. J oneness November 7, 2011 The Walking lifeless Syndrome Introduction The Walking beat(p) syndrome is considered a rargon disease. I believe everyone in this existence has a offer on this vast place we c wholly earth. However, there argon tribe diagnosed with a syndrome who believe they take aim no soul or convinced(p) themselves they are dead. The Walking Dead Syndrome is also commonly known as Cotards Syndrome. In this paper, I leave refer this syndrome as Cotards syndrome.Cotards syndrome is linked with other rational gravelynesses which could explain a several(prenominal)ones state of mind of feeling non-existent in society. I will further discuss eight aspects of this syndrome delineate the Walking Dead Syndrome, defining kind illness, description of several intellectual illnesses associated with this syndrome, classifications of Cotards syndrome, analysis of forbearings, diagnosing of syndrome, and types of shr oudments avail fitted for patients. Defining Walking Dead Syndrome or Cotards Syndrome umteen plurality I discussed this topic with never heard of the Walking Dead Syndrome. The Walking Dead Syndrome was prototypic created by French neurologist, Jules Cotard, hence, named the Cotards Syndrome. He was a French neurologist who prime(prenominal) exposit this psychiatric condition. initiative reference to the syndrome was made in the year 1880, when Jules Cotard gave a lecture in Paris. In this lecture, he described various degrees of the syndrome, while he utter that a psyche who resorts to despair and self-hatred begins in the early stages of this disorder.With deterioration, the psyche might go to the extent of lairying the very existence of himself or herself. in that respect are detached from the spirit of existence of self (Cotard Syndrome 2010). Patients portray themselves kindred to the concept of snake gods. Hollywood has portrayed horror and science fiction establi sh movies on zombies or the walking dead. In the movies, zombies are typic wholey mean and fond of human flesh, they groan and cannot talk, baffle incredible strength, and demonstration depravity flesh.A zombie is physic aloney identical to a commonplace human being, but completely lacks conscious experience. If we suddenly lost our minds, or consciousness our bodies might continue to run on for a while, our police van might continue to beat, we might breathe while asleep and fend for food. But without the contribution made by minds, behavior could not tell feature articleally human features. In the Urban Dictionary, 1999-2011, a zombie is delimit as deceased human being who has partially returned to life repayable to undeterminable causes.The promontory retains base facilities, namely gross motor function. In its near-mindless state, it grasps no remains of emotion, somebodyality, or sensation of pain. In rare cases, some of the reanimated suck in reflexively preformed routine activities from their past lives. The people diagnosed with Walking Dead Syndrome have homogeneous portrayals including not having internal organs and smelling of rotting flesh. A hypothetical analogy can be explained when most of us have woken up after a really good wickedness out.Our first drive in the morning was motivated by a desire for food and coffee. If we as a society experience a chemical or radiological contamination, we might be experiencing the hangover from hell. Our high thought would be destroyed, the neural system would be degraded, and leave only if the body running on its primary functions. Defining rational disorder Since the beginning of man, I work out there has been amiable illness, and chemical derangement puzzles a huge part, and some people just do not have the ability to use parts of their brain for reason and logic. match to to Sorrentino, Wilk, and Newmaster (2009), a psychical illness can be caused by a combination of genetic, biologic al, psycheality, and environmental factors, is a disturbance in a persons ability to cope with or adjust to stress the persons thinking, image, and behaviours are affected, and functioning is impaired mental illnesses affect people of all ages, culture, and educational and in get down levels. The flak of most mental illnesses dies during adolescence and small maturity date (p. 641). Most mental illnesses are brought on by the stresses of life, money, property, and consumption.Having a mental illness varies from person to person and if you cannot go about your day as you everydayly would due to a condition then it is a mental illness. An example would be having an anxiety disorder, and if you cannot leave your house any longer due to petrifying fear, then there is clearly a problem. Unless of frame you cannot recognize that you are having problems and you are posing a threat to yourself or others, then you can be forcibly placed under the commission of a psychologist. Mental illness can be contributed to either biological, psychological, and environmental factors.The biological factors can be attributed to genetics or mental disorders hunt down to run in families, suggesting a hereditary factorthe number of refinement relatives a person has who suffer from depression or other mood disorders is the best predictor of the likelihood that the individual will develop a mood disorder (Boyd, Johnson, Bee, 2009, p. 385). In addition, psychological aspects can be contributed to stirred, physical, or sexual abuse, and the environmental causes can be defined as a person living in poverty or substance abuse. Mental Illnesses Associated with Cotards Syndrome spate diagnosed with the Cotards Syndrome have been treated for a mental illness or combination of bi-polar, untruths, schizophrenic disorder, and schizoaffective disorder, to name a few. The major mental illnesses are painful, pervasive, disruptive and usually disabling. Firstly, a bi-polar disorder is de fined as a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a persons mood, energy, and ability to function (Sorrentino, Wilk, Newsmaster, 2009, p. 651). Whereas, delusions are the false beliefs that are heavily held (Purse, 2011). An example is a person who has grandeur delusions or has paranoid tendencies.In the grandiose subtype, the person is convinced that he has some great endowment or has made some important discovery, they have an inflated reek of self-worth. In addition, their delusions center on their own importance, such as believe that they have done or created something of extreme value or think they have a special mission. There is reference to other type of delusion known as nihilistic delusions. This type of delusion describes a person focused on the individuals body, including red of body parts, being dead, or not existing at all (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, & Audenaert, 2011).Furtherto a greater extent, Cotard syndrome created a new type of depression which is described as flighty melancholia, ideas of damnation or rejection, insensitivity to pain, delusions or nonexistence concerning ones own body, and delusions of immorality (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, & Audenaert, 2011). This type of delusion is a major attribute of Cotards syndrome. Thirdly, schizophrenia which is an extremely complex mental health disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disturbances in thinking, and withdrawal from social legal action (Sorrentino, Wilk, Newsmaster, 2009, p. 55). News and entertainment media tend to link mental illnesses including schizophrenia to condemnable violence. Most people with schizophrenia, however, are not violent toward others but are withdrawn and prefer to be left alone. Lastly, schizoaffective disorder is described as a person having symptoms of both schizophrenic and bipolar disorder (Purse, 2006). almost disorders will cause parts of the brain to stop performing their normal functions. These can leave people out of control and disoriented (not intentional what they themselves are doing). Classifications of Cotards SyndromeIn its early stages, Cotards syndrome is characterized by black feeling of anxiety with a varying time span from weeks to old age. This anxious state gradually augments and can result in nihilistic delusions where self-abnegation of life or denial of body parts are the large features. The patient loses sense of reality. Despite the delusion of being dead, these patients show an increase tendency to automutilation (self harm) or suicidal behaviour. (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, and Audenaert, 2011). A case studying involving nose candy patients, in Debruyne, Portzky, wagon train den Eynde, and Audenaert, (2009) reveal three types of Cotards syndrome.The first is a form of psychotic depression in which anxiety, melanchonlia, delusions of guilt, and auditory hallucinations are the more prominent features. The second class is Cotards syndrome Type I, which is associated with hypochondriac and nihilistic delusions. The third type is Cotards syndrome Type II, which includes anxiety, depression, delusions of immortality, nihilistic delusions and suicidal behaviour are characteristic features. However, in Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, and Audenaert, 2011, a case study conducted in 1999, identified three stages of Cotards syndrome.The first stage, germination stage, is characterized by important hypochondriac cenesthopathy and depressive mood. A diagnosing of Cotards syndrome cannot be made in this stage yet. In the blooming stage, the characteristic features of Cotards syndrome (nihilistic delusions, delusions of immorality together with anxiety and negativism) are shoot the breezen. The last stage, the chronic stage is differentiated in two forms one with persistent emotional disturbances (depressive type) and the second where depressive symptoms are less prominent (paranoid type) (as cited by Yamman, 1999).The two classifications described above ha ve assisted in diagnosing of Cotards syndrome. The similar features displayed are nihilistic delusions, depressive mood, and anxiety. Analysis This syndrome does not affect a special(prenominal) category of people. A study of 100 patients, revealed that Cotards syndrome was diagnosed in 2 of 349 patientstaking into account only severely depressed older cock-a-hoop patients. In addition, the average of age of person studied was 52 years of age, however, the study also suggested that Cotards was occasionally described in children and adolescents (Debruyne, Portzky, Van den Eynde, Audenaert, 2009).Furthermore, according to Wani et al. , (2008), this syndrome is typically related to depression and is mostly set in middle-aged or older people. In the analysis the spare-time activity results were displayed depressive mood (89%), nihilistic delusions (69%), anxiety (65%), delusions of guilt (63%), delusions of immortality (55%), hypochondriac delusions (58%) (Debruyne, Portzky, Pereman s, and Audenaert, 2011). Diagnosis The diagnosis reveals a psychological and neurological aspect of Cotards syndrome. The depersonalization phenomenon as described in Debruyne, Portzky, Van den Eynde, and Audenaert, 2009, is referred to using German erminology leib (body for me) and korper (body as such), korper becomes more prominent than leib and the body less associated with the self (leib), depersonalization onset can then occur. However, in depersonalization, the patient feels as if he or she is dead (in difference of affect), whereas in Cotards syndrome, the patient is convinced that he or she is dead (lack of feeling). Cotards syndrome is lots associated with parietal lobe lesions. Compared with controls, patients with Cotards syndrome have more brain atrophy in general and more average facade lobe atrophy in particular.Cotards syndrome may be associated with multifocal brain atrophy and medial frontal lobe disease. Neurological assessments were performed and findings resu lted in patients affected by parietal brain dysfunction and structural brain abnormalities. Recent discoveries have shewd that Cotards syndrome was associated with multifocal brain atrophy and interhemispheric fissure refinement. The interhemispheric fissure enlargement way of life parietal lobe lesions (Joseph and OLeary, 2011) or bending in the frontal and occipital regions and this abnormality also been observed in schizophrenic patients.Others have described and enlargement of the third and posterioral ventricles. In one patient, the patient was diagnosed with a schizophrenia disorder and a left sided hypoperfusion in the temporal, parietal and frontal lobes. The health check term of hypoperfusion is defined as a decreased blood fertilise through an organ (Meriam-Webster, 2011). In addition, the patient experienced improvements of the inferior frontal and left hypoperfusion and there was evidence of decreased hyperprofusion of the left temporal lobe (cited in Debruyne, Po rtzky, Van den Eynde, and Audenaert, 2009).Treatments There are several methods utilized to treat mental health struggles. A patient can seek professed(prenominal) assistance by psychology or psychiatry therapy and/or the use of medication. If you lived in the 16th century with any undefined mental disorder, you were considered as possessed by the Devil and cast away to some fantastic monastery dungeon in which monks would constantly pray for and exorcise you. The Catholic church building they used a methodical guidebook to describe all behavioural aspects and associations of witchcraft, satanism, etc. nd utilized this upon people who were suffered with mental or behavioral maladies, and it was not commonly understood in the Medieval and Renaissance periods. In the medieval ages, they were burned because they thought demons haunted the mentally ill. In later years, we willfully experimented on them, cutting into their bodies and brains to fix them, this was called, trepanation. The evidence of trepanation has been found in prehistoric human remains from Neolithic times onward.Cave paintings indicate that people believed the practice would cure epileptic seizures, migraines, and mental disorders (Wikipedia, 2011). It is really ill-scented and is the major reason that even today it is to some a label of humiliation alternatively of just an illness. Complete recovery may occur spontaneously and suddenly as onset of Cotards syndrome. There are several reports of successful pharmacological intercession of Cotards syndrome. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is considered an important treatment option in Cotards syndrome.It is noted, in Debruyne, Portzky, Van den Eynde, Audenaert, 2009, that young patients use of mood stabilizers should be considered because Cotards syndrome in this population is often part of a bipolar disorder. Successful treatment with ECT and the patient with underlying major depressive disorder resulted in recovery of left and accountabili ty temporal hypoprofussion and normalization of profusion in the frontal cortex was inform after treatment with antidepressants (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, and Audenaert, 2011). Please be aware that people who have true mental illnesses do suffer.They want more than anything to be able to feel and function like other people and they will actively seek help. The reality is that certain medications and treatments help those who are suffering from these conditions. culmination Mental illness is not a modern invention. The mentally ill have been recognized in one form or some other by every culture we have a record of. How they were perceived and what their value is what has largely changed. Some people do not draw back into their minds as much as they are supposed to, while others go through all their time there.What we eat and breathe and drink affects our health and our brain, and a healthy individuals brain tends to have more to work with and develop all the right chemicals a nd nerve sheaths. A good parent with their strong sense of empathy realizes that their child is a thinking, growing human being and will perpetually need that light touch that points them in the right direction and block them from getting lost. The right nature and nurturing are essential for a healthy development. Some cases of these disorders I believe could be a plain lack of the ingredients to solve this chemical imbalance.Given that our brain is constantly ever-changing accordingly with the times, a chronic chemical imbalance quickly becomes more than just that, as the brain has grown and changed around this shortcoming. The kind of disposition you wish people had for those with mental disorders would be a universal sagaciousness for all if people would look into themselves and observe their own thoughts and behaviors. We are our best test subjects since we have full access to all the data, and by observing ourselves totally (mentally, developmentally, chemically) we can a pply our understanding to others and learn from the experience.People need to care about how peoples minds work in general, understanding you guys would come with the turf, and communication with our angry neighbors would be much more effective since wed all see where everyone is coming from. Philosophers have long contemplated human happiness, and how to live a good life, in harmony with our own nature. The problem is that humans do not really know what makes them happy, and what they think will, or will not, and instead they find contempt and superficial pleasures they believe will satisfy them.As a result, some people will not live a good and peaceful life that satisfies the majority of people. The fact is not everyone postulate medication, but there are those who do. Some need it temporarily, some for a lifetime. Some simply need therapy, and some benefit from dietary changes. I believe understanding is the highest ideal we should seek to attain. Understanding and being downri ght with ourselves about ourselves and applying our own understanding to others may help us see that we are not as different as wed like to believe.I believe that sense of commonality with all human beings can generate empathy, compassion and ultimately peace in all of us. It is when we categorize separately other, ourselves, and place value on those categories then we breed hatred, ignorance and fear. References Boyd, D. , Johnson, Paul, Bee, Helen (2009). Lifespan Development. (4th Canadian Edition). Toronto Pearsons Canada Inc. Cotard Syndrome. (2010). Disorders Central. Retrieved October 10, 2011, from http//www. disorderscentral. com/cotard-syndrome. html Debruyne, H. , Portzky, M. Peremans, K. , Audenaert, K. , (2011). Mind and Brain The Journal of Psychiatry. Retrieved October 6, 2011, from http// gist. yudu. com/Library/A1t5r8/MindampBraintheJourn/resources/73. htm Debruyne, H. , Portzky, M. , Van den Eynde, F. , Audenaert, K. (2009). Cotards Syndrome A Review. Current Ps ychiatry Reports. Retrieved October 6, 2011, from University of Calgary On-line Resources http//www. springerlink. com. ezproxy. lib. ucalgary. ca/content/f43j790n7161432m/ Hypoperfusion. (2011). 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